Customer Journey Maps serve as a visual means to identify the steps your customer goes through as they experience your product or service and the impact of each. A journey map is helpful for the problem solving team to “see” what the customer goes through in achieving what they want. To improve the quality of customer experience, organizations must have a better understanding of customers, gaining greater customer insight and cater to their customer's end-to-end journey.

5S is a basic management philosophy for eliminating waste and improving workplace organization and standardization. 5S serves as the foundation for continuous improvement activities and on which other Lean methodologies can be applied. Translated to its English equivalent, 5S means: Sort, Set In Order, Shine, Standardize and Sustain.

Recession or boom, companies need to sharpen their competitive edge by applying Lean Management principles to cost reduction - that is, the elimination of non-value-added activities or waste from the value stream processes.